Surfactant composition including ethoxylate of cnsl

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates a surfactant composition for use as an emulsifier in water blended fuel mtixture. The said composition includes ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid. In addition ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid, the said composition comprises a co-surfactant having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12 and a polymeric dispersant. The water blended fuel mixture using emulsifers of the present invention, overcome some of the shortcomings of the previously known emulsions. The ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid is of the formula (I).

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to surfactant composition including ethoxylate ofCNSL for use as an emulsifier in water blended fuel compositions andmore particularly to water fuel emulsified, compositions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional diesels, derived from crude petroleum, are used in avariety of applications such as in transportation, power generation etc.However, the diesel run vehicles and other stationary equipments areassociated with pollution, specially smog forming nitrogen oxides(NO_(X)) emissions and particulate matter (PM) or soot. Thisenvironmental concern has been the main guiding factor for research infinding the economical solutions that could reduce pollution emittedfrom diesel powered engines. Several chemical additive approaches havebeen tried in past with the main object of reducing emissions fromexisting engines, new and old, without expensive engine modifications orreplacements. It is known in the literature that internal combustionengines can be run on mixture of water and fuel to produce lower NO_(X),hydrocarbon and particulate emissions per unit of power output. Water isinert towards combustion, but acts to lower peak emission temperatures,which result in significant reduction of NO_(X) formation. Though watercan also be separately injected into the combustion chamber, but thehardware costs are high. Water can however be added to fuel as anemulsion, but the stability of emulsion has historically been a problem.The problems of making water-fuel emulsions include instability ofemulsions, high cost of emulsifiers, larger amounts of emulsifiersrequired to produce the emulsions and non-availability of non-toxicbiodegradable emulsifiers.

Due to the concerns about the emissions from diesel run engines, severaloptions have been explored and these include engine modifications andmodifications in the fuels. Alcohol and water have been studied indetails as their addition in fuel could reduce emissions from theengines to an appreciable extent.

Publication No., WO 97/34969 describes stable a diesel-water emulsion byusing a surfactant system consisting of sorbitan sesquioleate, apolyethylene glycol mono-oleate and a nonylphenol ethoxylate. Thesurfactant system had a HLB of 6-8.

WO 48123,2001 of Elf ANTAR, France describes an emulsifying system tomake stable hydrocarbon-water emulsion. The system contained a sorbitolester, polyethoxylated fatty acid ester and poly alkoxylated alcohols.

A Hungarian, PCT application No. WO 12285,1998 described watercontaining fuel compositions useful for internal combustion engines. Anemulsifying system was disclosed and it essentially consisted of coconutfatty acid ester, polyethylene glycol derivatives of coconut oil fattyacid esters, sodium lauryl sulphate and glycerin. The amount ofemulsifying mixture was in the range of 5-15% for dispersing 10-40%distilled water in the hydrocarbon fuel.

Several other emulsifying systems useful for incorporation of water inhydrocarbon have been described e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,729,769; U.S. Pat.No. 4,594,111; U.S. Pat. No. 4,100,097; U.S. Pat. No. 5,021,183; U.S.Pat. No. 5,443,757 & U.S. Pat. No. 4,917,883. A European patentapplication EP 1152049,2001 discloses a method for preparing water inhydrocarbon micro emulsion by use of a surfactant. Both micro & macroemulsions could be prepared depending upon the amount of water to bedispersed and the type of emulsifying additives. Thus, micro emulsionwere reported utilizing 5% volume of water in diesel and the surfactantpackage consisted of lipophillic neat oleic acid, lipophillicethoxylated oleic acid, lipophillic sorbitan ester monoleate,lipophillic ethoxylated oleic acid and a hydrophilic oleic acidcompletely neutralized with monoethanol amnine. The application of theabove surfactant system resulted in micro emulsions but it required 8%volume of the surfactant mixture and intense mechanical agitation. Forincorporation of 10% volume water into the diesel phase, 14% volume ofthe surfactant mixture and intense manual agitation was necessary. Even15% water could be micro emulsified in diesel, however very large doseof surfactant mixture (20% volume) was required. Similarily, severalother patents describe the formation of stable micro emulsion of waterand hydrocarbon fuel, which at times have larger amounts of surfactantsas compared to the water content. Efforts in the area of the microemulsion of water in hydrocarbon fuels are described in U.S. Pat. No.5,743,922, WO 34969(97); U.S. Pat. No. 5,873,916,WO 13031(99).

Inspite of the disclosures of above patents, the micro emulsified watercontaining hydrocarbon fuels could not gain commercial popularity, asthe emulsions, which are suitable as combustible fuel, need very largeamounts of surfactants and/or other stabilizing agents. In view of theselimitations of the micro emulsions a lot of research work has beencarried out and reported for formation of stable cost effective microemulsions of water in hydrocarbon fuels.

In order to reduce the amount of the surfactants and/or stabilizers andyet to get the micro emulsified fuels, a tri component system has alsobeen explored. Wanzel et.al (U.S. Pat. No. 4,083,698) prepared a stablewater in oil micro emulsions comprising (a) a hydrocarbon fuel (b)water, (c) an alcohol, and (d) a combination of surface-active agents.Examples given include diesel fuel micro emulsions where in the alcoholis methanol, ethanol or isopropanol.

The combination of surfactant must include three components (1) a longchain fatty acid salt (2) a free fatty acid, preferably long-chainsunsaturated fatty acid and (3) a non-ionic surfactants like ethyleneoxide condensation products and esterified products of fatty acids withethylene oxide. A. W. Schwab in a U.S. Pat. No. 4,451,265 disclosed theformation of a hybrid fuel—a micro emulsion prepared from diesel fuel,water, alcohol and a surfactant comprising N,N-dimethylethanolamine anda long chain fatty acid derivative.

Emulsified water-hydrocarbon fuel compositions have been described inseveral patents. Thus, Daly et al (U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,485, 2001)describes water blended fuel compositions comprising: (A) a hydrocarbonboiling in gasoline or diesel range; (B) water; (C) a minor emulsifyingamount of at least one fuel soluble salt made by reacting at least oneacetylating agent having about 16-500 carbon atoms with ammonia or atleast one amine and (D) a water soluble, ashless, halogen, boron,phosphorous free amine salt distinct from component C. In someformulations a co-surfactant, organic cetane improver and anti-freezemay also be used.

European patent EP 0561600A₂(1993) discloses water fuel emulsions inwhich the emulsifier is made by reaction of (A) substituted acetylatingagent and (b) ammonia and/or at least one amine. A U.S. Pat. No.4,078,753(1987) discloses water in oil emulsion comprising (A)continuous oil phase; (B) water; (I) at least one hydro carbonylsubstituted carboxylic acid & anhydride, ester or amide derivative ofsaid acid or anhydric and (C) (II) at least one amine; and (D) aneffective amount of at least one water soluble, oil-insoluble functionaladditive.

Several other patents, which describe the formation of water hydrocarbonemulsions, include U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,175; EP 0475620B1 U.S. Pat. No.5,669,938: U.S. Pat. No. 6,017,368.

CNSL and its derivatives have been known for producing high temperaturephenolic resins and friction elements, as exemplified in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,395,498 and 5,218,038. Cashew nut shell liquid occurs as a reddishbrown viscous liquid in the soft honeycomb structure of shell of cashewtree, Anacardium Occidentale L. Native to Brazil, the tree grows in thecoastal areas of Asia and Africa. Cashew nut attached to the shell appleis gray colored kidney shaped and 2.5-4 cm long. The shell is about 0.3cm thick, having a soft leathery outer skin and a thin hard inner skin.Between these skins is the honeycomb structure containing the phenolicmaterial popularity called CNSL. Inside the shell is kernel wrapped in athin brown skin, known as the testa. The nut thus consists of kernel(20-25%), the shell liquid (20-25%) and testa (2%), the rest being theshell. CNSL, extracted with low boiling petroleum ether, contains about90% anacardic acid and about 10% cardol. CNSL, on distillation, givesthe yellow phenolic derivatives, which are a mixture of biodegradableunstructured unsaturated m-alkylphenols, including cardanol. Catalytichydrogenation of these phenols gives a white waxy material,predominantly rich in tetrahydrocardol.

Friction lining production from CNSL is also reported in U.S. Pat. No.5,433,774. Likewise, it is also known to form different types offriction materials, mainly for use in brake lining system of automobilesand coating resins. U.S. Pa. No. 6,229,054 describes a process forhydroxyalkylation of cardanol with cyclic organic carbonates. CNSLderivatives have also been used for metal extraction, as exemplified inU.S. Pat. No. 4,697,038. In another U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,944, Mannichbases of CNSL have been described.

However, the first application of CNSL in making lubricating oiladditives was disclosed by us in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,910,468 and 5,916,850.U.S. Pat. No. 6,339,052 also describes lubricant compositions forinternal combustion engines based on additives derived from cashew nutshell liquid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem addressed by the present invention was to develop asurfactant composition for use as an emulsifier in water blended fuelmixture.

A further object of the invention was to propose a surfactantcomposition which was effective at lower dosage. A still furtherobjective was to minimise the cost of making the emulsified fuel waterstable emulsions by selecting appropriate inexpensive raw materials.Development of an emulsifier based on naturally occurring, biodegradableand abundantly available cashew nut shell liquid was also an objectiveof this invention so as to make available stable water emulsified fuelcompositions suitable for internal combustion engines at much reducedcost.

To achieve the said object, the present invention provides a surfactantcomposition for use as an emulsifier in water blended fuel mixturecomprising

-   -   a) 5-65% by weight of an ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid        of the formula        wherein m=1-12 and n=0, 2, 4 & 6.    -   b) 1-15% by weight of a cosurfactant having a hydrophilic        lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12 and    -   c) 15-50% by weight of a polymeric dispersant

The present invention further provides a water fuel emulsifiedcomposition comprising 55-96%.by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel in thegasoline-diesel range, 3-35% by weight of water and 0.05-27% by weightof a surfactant composition and the balance if any additives such ascetane booster, corrosion inhibitor.

Preferably, the amount of hydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline-diesel rangeis 88% by weight, the water component is 10.4% by weight and 1.6% byweight of the surfactant composition of the present invention. Morepreferably, the amount of hydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline-diesel rangeis 81.8% by weight, the water component is 16.2% by weight and 2% byweight of the surfactant composition of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is concerned with emulsions of hydrocarbons andwater, and emulsifying additives suitable for forming such emulsions. Itis known that emulsions of hydrocarbon and water can be formed usinglarge number of different emulsifiers.

One component of the composition of this invention is hydrocarbon fuelboiling in the gasoline or diesel range. The diesel fuels that areuseful with this invention can be any type of diesel fuel defined byASTM-D 396. The sulfur content of the diesel fuel may be as low as 50ppm or as high as 0.25% by weight. Any type of diesel fuel with suitableviscosity and boiling range can be used in the present invention and mayalso contain usual additives like detergent-dispersant, antioxidant,cetane improver, stabilizers etc. The gasoline useful in the presentinvention are motor gasoline covered under ASTM439-89 specification andmay contain usual performance additives like antioxidant, stabilizer,octane booster, MFA etc.

The water phase for use in making emulsions in accordance with thepresent invention can suitably be formed any acceptable water source,and is preferably water, which is available in sufficient quantities andat inexpensive cost. For example a suitable water phase could be watersuch as 150-ppm brine. Other sources, which give water of acceptablecharacteristics, can be used in the invention.

The surfactant package of the present invention forms an important partof the present invention. The surfactant package of the presentinvention is preferably a package, which includes both a hydrophilicsurfactant component and lypophillic surfactant component. Thecombination of these surfactant components is so selected so as toreduce the amount of total surfactant by synergetic action whileproviding the stable emulsions.

The surfactant package of the present invention essentially containsthree components i.e. A) a surfactant derived from cashew nut shellliquid; B) a co-surfactant and C) a polymeric dispersant. The chemicalcompounds suitable for each of these types are explained.

-   A Surfactant Derived From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

The inventive surfactant consist of ethoxylates of technical orhydrogenerated cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), or the mixtures thereof.

It has now been surprisingly observed that ethoxylated CNSL is a verypotent stabilising emulsifier useful for making stable water containingfuel emulsions which are suitable as fuel in internal combustionengines. The natural or hydrogenated CNSL are ethoxylated using a knownethoxylating agent, such as ethylene oxide. The overall degree ofethoxylation of CNSL is varied by controlling the ratio of cashew nutshell liquid and ethylene oxide, the reaction temperature and pressure.Higher degree of ethoxylation results in better water solubilisationcapacity, which is desirable. However very high degree of etlhoxylationleads to solidification of the product and therefore intermediateethoxylation is desirable. It has been discovered in the presentinvention that CNSL having an ethoxylation content of 6 to 14 is mostsuitable for use as the stabilising additive for making stable wateremulsified fuel compositions. The ethoxylated CNSL of the presentinvention is far superior in emulsification efficacy vis-à-viscommercially available emulsifiers. The higher efficacy of ethoxylatedCNSL has resulted in its lower dosage and thus better cost-economics.

Industrial CNSL is generally dark brown in colour, which may bedisadvantageous in some applications. The purification of CNSL forcolour improvement has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,038.However, it was found that ethoxylates made directly from technicalgrade CNSL were of acceptable colour and for the present application notreatment in colour improvement was necessary.

The capability of technical CNSL ethoxylates to act as solubilisingadditive for making stable hydrocarbon fuel—water emulsions has beenobserved for the first time. This observation is of particularimportance as it will bring down the cost of stabilising additive to avery significant level as the basic material, i.e., CNSL is of low costand abundantly available. A high degree of biodegradability of CNSLethoxylates is an additional desirable benefit.

-   B Co-Surfactant

These co-surfactants, a type of emulsifiers, are non-ionic compounds,having a hydrophilic lipophilic balance i.e. HLB in the range of 4 to12. Chemically these co surfactants may be of the type, which includesalcohol ethoxylates, ethoxylated phenols, ethoxylated amines,ethoxylated fatty esters, glycol esters, mono/di or tri glycerides,ethoxylated fatty acids etc. However, ethoxylated alcohols and phenolsare the preferred co surfactants.

Ethoxylated alcohols have been used in past as a stabilising emulsifyingadditives for making water containing fuel compositions. For example, aU.S. Pat. No. 6,080,716 of 2000 describes a surfactant, which is made byreaction of aliphatic alcohol with ethylene oxide. The non-ionicethoxylated surfactant, as emulsifying additives are prepared fromreaction of aliphatic alcohol with ethylene oxide and are also availablecommercially.

In one embodiment, the cosurfactant is ethoxylated linear alcoholnonionic type with varying alcohol chain and ethoxylation content. Theseare available commercially as Tomah products, under the name “Tomadol”.These have the general chemical representation as RO(CH₂CH₂O)nH, where Ris mostly linear alkyl chain and n may vary from 2.5 to about 12,preferably from 2.5 to 7. These ethoxylates are generally in themolecular weight range of 280 to 590 and the ethylene content (wt %)varies from 35 to 70. The advantage of using “Tomodols” include thepreferred range of HLB values of 4 to 12 and acceptable flash pointswhich are in the range of 140-248° C.

The lower “Tomodols” are liquids at ambient temperature having meltingrange of −25 to 11° C. and viscosity in the range of 12 to 34, cst at100° F. The most preferred “Tomodol” type of ethoxylated alcohols are91-2.5, 1-3, 23-3 and 25-3and some of the critical physicochemicalproperties of these compounds are given below. EO Groups/ Mol. EOMelting range Sp. gravity Vis. Cst Hydroxyl no. Flash pt. Pourpt.Product Avg weight Wt. % ° C. 25° C. 100° F. mgKOH/g ° C. ° C. HLB91-2.5 2.7 281 42.3 −25 to −17 0.925 12 200 124 −13 8.5  1-3 3 305 43.3−15 to 4    0.936 10 184 142 −7 8.7 23-3 2.9 322 39.6 −4 to 6   0.922 14174 152 1 7.9 25-3 2.8 330 37.3  2 to 11 0.921 19 170 157 3 7.5

The other type of alcohol ethoxylates usefuil as co surfactant areavailable from Shell Petroleum Company Lulder the name of “NEODOL™”. Oneof the useful product of this series is “NEODOL™ 91-2.5E” which has ahydroxyl number of 202-14 (mg KOH/g); with a average molecular weight of280 and ethylene oxide content of 42.3% (wt). It had pour point of −20°C., flash point 120° C., density of 0.911 (g/ml) and a HLB value ofabout 8.5.

C Polymeric Dispersant

The polymeric dispersant essentially consists of the reaction product ofan acetylating agent and amine. The acetylating agents includecarboxylic acids, acid halides; anhydrides and esters. These acetylatingagents may have alkyl substitution of about 12 to 250 carbon atoms. Thepreferable acetylating agents are dicarboxylic acids and theircorresponding anhydrides and the most preferable acetylating agents arehydrocarbyl substituted succinic acids or anhydrides. The alkylsubstitution of the acetylating agents could be derived from alphaolefins, polyisobutene or other such hydrocarbyl substituents. Thepreferred alkyl substituents are polyisobutene having the number averagemolecular weights of 500 to 1300. The suitable alkylated acetylatingagents are reacted with amines, hydroxylamines or polyamines. Thesuitable amines are ethylene polyamines.

Many of the surfactants of the chemical type described above areavailable from commercial sources. In one such embodiment, thedispersant is a poly isobutene succinimide available from LubrizolCorporation. The products useful as dispersants in the present inventioninclude LZ-6418, having N content of 1.6-2.1% and viscosity at 210° F.of 250-310 Cst.

In one embodiment, ashless dispersants available from Ethyl corporationunder the trade name “HITEC” were used. These dispersant have nitrogencontent of 1.8-2.2% wt and viscosity at 210° F. in the range of 340-410Cst. The particularly useful dispersant in present invention include“HITEC-644”, “HITEC-648”. Other useful commercial dispersant of thepolyisobutene succinimide type are those supplied by SINOPEC, China anduseful component include “T151” & “T152”. Similarly, other commerciallyavailable polyisobutene succinimide of appropriate nitrogen content andmolecular weight may also be used in the present invention.

-   Other Optional Additives

Cetane index is the measure of combustibility of diesel fuel in theinternal combustion engine. The value of cetane number is generallyspecified in the commercial specification of fuel and are different fordifferent countries. In India e.g the minimum cetane number is 48.

The water-emulsified fuels generally fall short in the cetane number, aswater does not contribute to the overall cetane of the emulsified fuel.However, the cetane number of water emulsified fuel can easily beboosted by adding small amount of cetane booster.

Organo nitrates e.g. isopropyl nitrate or 2-ethylhexyl nitrates whichare available commercially are suitable to enhance the cetane of theethanol blended hydrocarbon fuel. The amount of cetane booster presentin the fuel emulsion is the function of cetane value of the particulardiesel fuel and the amount of water present in the particular fuelcomposition. Generally, lower the diesel fuel cetane valtie, higher theamount of the cetane booster. Similarly, because water typically acts asa cetane depressant, the higher the concentration of water in theemulsified fuel, more is the concentration of cetane booster.

Higher amount of dissolved water in the water-emulsified fuels may causecorrosion to the metallic parts especially on the fuel side components.This problem could be easily controlled by addition of corrosioninhibitors. Several classes of corrosion inhibitors are known for use infuels. However, it has been found that mercapto thiadiazole derivativesas described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,362,137 were the most effective in thesefuels. For hydrocarbon fuels, containing upto 35% of water, an additionof 0.001 to 0.03% volume of the mercapto thiadiazole described in U.S.Pat. No. 6,362,137 are sufficient to provide necessary anti corrosionproperties.

The fuel composition of the invention provides a number of benefits. Forexample, the fuel composition remains stable over the range oftemperatures (from the pour point of diesel to about +50° C.) whichcovers both summer and winter conditions. The fuel also meets theminimum cetane number requirement as laid in the diesel fuelspecification and the fuel emulsions can be prepared within minuteswithout the need of expensive and energy intensive fuel blendingequipment. Since the blended fuel has lower sulphur and aromatics ascompared to the parent diesel, the tail pipe sulphur emissions are low.

EXAMPLES

The following examples are provided to further illustrate the invention,but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Specifically,the following examples are provided to illustrate the formation ofstable water blended fuel co positions, which are suitable for use ininternal combustion engines.

Example-1

Diesel fuel (560 ml) is placed in a one liter flask at ambienttemperature (20-25° C.) and to this was added component A {7.0 g }, B{0.1 g } and component C {8.0 g }. The contents of flask were subjectedto ultrasonic vibration using a sonicator set at frequency of about 20KHz. Homogenous phase could be obtained in less than a minute. Water {40ml } was then added in one lot and the mixture further sonicated forabout 30 sec. Thereafter, diesel {340 ml} followed by water {40 ml} wasadded and the mixture further sonicated for 30 sec. A part of theemulsion thus obtained was transferred to a 500 ml glass cylinder.

The emulsion was visually examined every 24 hrs for any separationeither on top or at the bottom of cylinder with in 20 days which impliedunstable emulsion and was rejected. Additionally the emulsions wereexamined by low resolution NMR for the quantity of water in the emulsionform and the water present in the free form.

Examples 2-12

Following the general procedure as described for example-1, thefollowing stable water-blended fuel compositions were made. The amountsgiven indicate parts by weight. These emulsions were stable for at least20 days. Example No 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Diesel 90 88 84.2 81.8 79.074.3 95 93 66.7 74 67.1 Water 8.5 10.4 14.0 16.2 18.6 23.2 4.2 6.0 28.019.9 23.1 Component A 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.35 1.6 0.45 0.6 3.1 1.25 3.4Component B 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.05 0.1 0.6 2.25 2.6 Component C0.7 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.8 0.65 0.3 0.3 1.6 2.60 3.8

1. A surfactant composition for use as an emulsifier in water blendedfuel mixture comprising: a) 5-65% by weight of an ethoxylate of cashewnut shell liquid of the formula

where m=1-12 and n=0, 2, 4 & 6; b) 1-15% by weight of a cosurfactanthaving a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12; and c)15-50% by weight of a polymeric dispersant.
 2. A surfactant compositionas claimed in claim 1 comprising: a) 46-50% by weight of an ethoxylateof cashew nut shell liquid; b) 6-10% by weight of a cosurfactant havinga hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12; and c) 15-50%by weight of a polymeric dispersant.
 3. A surfactant composition asclaimed in claim 2 comprising: a) 50% by weight of an ethoxylate ofcashew nut shell liquid; b) 10% by weight of a cosurfactant having ahydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12; and c) 40% byweight of a polymeric dispersant.
 4. A surfactant composition as claimedin claim 1 wherein component ‘a’ is a mixture of compounds having m=1-8and n=0, 2, 4 and
 6. 5. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 1wherein said ethoxylates of CNSL includes ethoxylates of technical CNSLor hydrogenated CNSL or mixtures thereof.
 6. A surfactant composition asclaimed in claim 5 wherein said cosurfactant includes ethoxylates ofalcohol, ethoxylated phenols, ethoxylated amines, ethoxylated fattyesters, glycol esters, mono diglyceride or monotriglycerides,ethoxylated fatty acids.
 7. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim6 wherein said cosurfactant is ethoxylates of alcohol and ethoxylatedphenols.
 8. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 7 wherein saidethoxylates of alcohol is of the general formula RO(CH₂CH₂O)_(n)H whereR is hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and n is within arange from about 2.5 to about
 12. 9. A surfactant composition as claimedin claim 8 wherein R is a straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group.10. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 8 wherein n rangesbetween 2.5 to
 7. 11. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 5wherein the molecular weight of said exthoxylates is between 280-590.12. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein saidpolymeric dispersant is a reaction product of an acetylating agent andan amine.
 13. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 12 whereinsaid acetylating agent includes carboxylic acids, acid halides,anhydrides and esters.
 14. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim13 wherein said acetylating agent is dicarboxylic acids and theiranhydrides.
 15. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 12 whereinsaid acetylating agent has an alkyl substitution of about 1-250 carbonatoms.
 16. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 15 wherein alkylsubstitution of said acetylating agent is derived from alpha olefins,polyisobutene.
 17. A surfactant composition as claimed in claim 12wherein said amine is ethylene polyamine.
 18. A surfactant compositionas claimed in claim 12 wherein said polymeric dispersant ispolyisobutene succinimide.
 19. A water fuel emulsified compositioncomprising: 55-96% by weight of a hydrocarbon fuel in thegasoline-diesel range; 1-35% by weight of water; and 0.05-27% by weightof a surfactant composition and the balance of any additives such ascetane booster, corrosion inhibitor, the surfactant compositioncomprising a) 5-65% by weight of an ethoxylate of cashew nut shellliquid of the formula

where m=1-12 and n=0, 2, 4 & 6, b) 1-15% by weight of a cosurfactanthaving a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12, and c)15-50% by weight of a polymeric dispersant.
 20. A water fuel emulsifiedcomposition as claimed in claim 19 comprising: 88% by weight of ahydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline-diesel range; 10.4% by weight of water;and 1.6% by weight of a surfactant composition comprising a) 5-65% byweight of an ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid of the formula

where m=1-12 and n=0, 2, 4 & 6, b) 1-15% by weight of a cosurfactanthaving a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12, and c)15-50% by weight of a polymeric dispersant.
 21. A water fuel emulsifiedcomposition as claimed in claim 20 comprising: 81.8% by weight of ahydrocarbon fuel in the gasoline-diesel range; 16.2% by weight of water;and 2% by weight of a surfactant composition comprising a) 5-65% byweight of an ethoxylate of cashew nut shell liquid of the formula

where m=1-12 and n=0, 2, 4 & 6; b) 1-15% by weight of a cosurfactanthaving a hydrophilic lipophilic balance in the range of 4 to 12; and c)15-50% by weight of a polymeric dispersant.
 22. A water fuel emulsifiedcomposition as claimed in claim 20 wherein said cetanebooster is organonitrates.
 23. A water fuel emulsified composition as claimed in claim 20wherein said corrosion inhibitor is mercapto thiadiazole derivatives.